Things everyone will know by the time we leave Capitulum Quīntum

Rēs quae in Capitulō Quīnto omnibus discendae sunt

 

A.  Plural forms of the Accusative Case – casus accūsātīvus:  This is the category of endings that indicate the word is being used as the direct object, or as the object of some prepositions.  The singular forms were introduced in Cap. III.

 

  1. The forms for both singular and plural look like this:

Casus Accūsātīvus, Singulāris et Plūrālis

 

Masculīnus

Fēminīnus

Neuter

Singulāris

-um

-am

-um

Plūrālis

-ōs

-ās

-a

  1. Notice that the neuter nominative and the neuter accusative are exactly the same in the singular and in the plural, -um for the singular and –a for the plural.
  2. For masculine and feminine nouns, the singular accusative always ends in –m and in -s in the plural.

 

B.  The prepositions ab, cum, ex, in, sine ÒtakeÓ or ÒgovernÓ the ablative case.

 

  1. The ablative case endings, singular and plural, look like this:

Casus Ablātīvus, Singulāris et Plūrālis

 

Masculīnus

Fēminīnus

Neuter

Singulāris

Plūrālis

-īs

-īs

-īs

 

 

 

 

  1. The object of one of these prepositions has an ablative case ending.

 

C.  The demonstrative or personal pronoun is, ea, id;

 

  1. These mean Òhe, she, it, theyÓ as a personal pronoun, Òthis, thatÓ as a demonstrative pronoun or adjective.  In the accusative and ablative case, they would correspond to Òhim, her, it, them,Ó in the genitive, to Òhis, her, its, their and theirs.Ó

 

  1. Here are the forms for the nominative, accusative, genitive and ablative:

 

Singulāris

 

Masculīnus

Fēminīnus

Neuter

Nominātīvus

is

ea

id

Accūsātīvus

eum

eam

id

Genetīvus

eius

eius

eius

Ablātivus

Plūrālis

 

Masculīnus

Fēminīnus

Neuter

Nominātīvus

iī (eī)

eae

ea

Accūsātīvus

eōs

eās

ea

Genetīvus

eōrum

eārum

eōrum

Ablātivus

iīs (eīs)

iīs (eīs)

iīs (eīs)

 

 

 

 

D.      Singular and plural forms of the Imperative and Indicative moods of verbs in the four classes of verbs:

        

 

Prīma

Secunda

Tertia

Quarta

Imp. Sg.

vocā

vidē

pōne

audī

Imp. Pl.

vocāte

vidēte

pōnite

audīte

Ind. Sg.

vocat

videt

pōnit

audit

Ind. Pl

vocant

vident

pōnunt

audiunt