Case endings for nouns and adjectives and their uses – from first 15 chapters of Lingua Latina Per Se Illustrata

 

Case:

Use:

Examples:

Nominative

subject 

Mārcus Iūliam pulsat.  Marcus strikes Julia

 

predicate nominative       

Crēta est īnsula magna.  Crete is a large island.

Genitive

possession 

Iūlius est dominus servōrum.    Julius is the master of the slaves.

 

partitive

Prōvincia est pars imperiī Rōmānī. The Province is a part of the Roman empire.

Dative

indirect object        

Iūlius Mārcō, filiō suō, mālum dat.  Julius gives an apple to Marcus, his son.

 

interest           

Spīrāre necesse est hominī. It is necessary for man to breathe.

 

possession

Mārcō ūna soror est.  To Marcus there is one sister. (Marcus has one sister.)

 

with verbs         

Eīs imperat; pārent.  He commands them; they obey him.

 

with impersonal verbs  

Licet mihi īre.  I am permitted to go.

Accusative

direct object          

Mārcus Iūliam pulsat.  Marcus strikes Julia.

 

place to which  when place is city, town, small island, domus, . . .

Mēdus Rōmam ambulat.  Medus is walking to Rome.

 

indirect statement     

Medicus puerum dormīre dīcit. (acc + inf.)   The doctor says that the boy is sleeping.

 

extent 

Gladius duōs pedēs longus est.  The sword is two feet long.

 

duration

Centum annōs vīvere ...  To live for one hundred years ...

 

exclamation

O, discipulōs improbōs!  Oh, wicked students!

 

with prepositions      

ad  ante  apud  circum   in (meaning into)   inter  per  post  prope  sub   supra

Ablative

place from which       

Ab oppidō ad vīllam it Iūlius.  From town to his villa Julius goes.

 

place from which when place is city, town, small island, domus,É    

Mēdus Tūsculō Rōmam it. Medus goes from Tusculum to Rome.

 

means, cause           

LØdia verbīs Mēdī delectātur. Lydia is delighted by the words of Medus.

 

instrument

Iūlius lectīcā vehitur.   Julius is carried by a litter.

 

price              

Hic anulus centum nummīs cōnstat.  This ring costs one hundred coins.

 

manner         

Magnā voce clāmat.  He shouts in a loud voice.

 

time when          

Illō tempore  mēnse Decembrī . . . At that time in the month of December. . .

 

with prepositions 

a/ab  cum  e/ex  in (meaning in or on)  sine  sub

Vocative

direct address         

Salvē, domine   Greetings, master!

Locative

place where when place is city, town, small island, domus, . . .

Mēdus neque Rōmae neque Tūsculī est.  Medus is neither in Rome nor in Tusculum.