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Case endings for nouns and adjectives and their
uses – from first 15 chapters of Lingua Latina Per Se Illustrata |
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Case: |
Use: |
Examples: |
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Nominative |
subject |
Mārcus
Iūliam pulsat. Marcus
strikes Julia |
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predicate
nominative |
Crēta est īnsula magna. Crete is a large island. |
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Genitive |
possession |
Iūlius est dominus servōrum. Julius is the master of
the slaves. |
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partitive |
Prōvincia est pars imperiī
Rōmānī. The Province is a part of the Roman empire. |
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Dative |
indirect
object |
Iūlius Mārcō, filiō suō,
mālum dat. Julius gives an apple
to Marcus, his son. |
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|
interest |
Spīrāre necesse est hominī. It is necessary for man
to breathe. |
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possession |
Mārcō ūna
soror est. To Marcus there is one sister.
(Marcus has one sister.) |
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with verbs |
Eīs
imperat; eī pārent. He commands them; they obey him. |
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with impersonal
verbs |
Licet mihi īre. I am permitted to go. |
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Accusative |
direct
object |
Mārcus Iūliam pulsat. Marcus strikes Julia. |
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place to
which when place is city, town, small island, domus, . . . |
Mēdus Rōmam ambulat. Medus is walking to Rome. |
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indirect
statement |
Medicus puerum dormīre dīcit. (acc +
inf.) The doctor says that the
boy is sleeping. |
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extent |
Gladius duōs pedēs longus est. The sword is two feet long. |
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duration |
Centum annōs
vīvere ... To live for one hundred
years ... |
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exclamation |
O, discipulōs improbōs! Oh, wicked students! |
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with
prepositions |
ad ante apud circum in (meaning into) inter per post prope
sub supra |
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Ablative |
place from
which |
Ab oppidō ad vīllam it Iūlius. From town to his villa Julius goes. |
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place from which when
place is city, town, small island, domus,É |
Mēdus Tūsculō Rōmam it. Medus goes from
Tusculum to Rome. |
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means,
cause |
LØdia verbīs Mēdī delectātur. Lydia is delighted by
the words of Medus. |
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instrument |
Iūlius lectīcā vehitur. Julius is carried by a
litter. |
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price |
Hic anulus centum nummīs cōnstat. This ring costs one hundred coins. |
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manner |
Magnā voce
clāmat. He shouts in a loud
voice. |
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time
when |
Illō tempore
mēnse Decembrī . . . At that time in the month of December. . . |
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with prepositions |
a/ab cum e/ex in (meaning in or on) sine sub |
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Vocative |
direct
address |
Salvē, domine! Greetings, master! |
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Locative |
place where when
place is city, town, small island, domus,
. . . |
Mēdus neque Rōmae neque Tūsculī
est. Medus is neither in Rome nor in
Tusculum. |